The Role of Transfer Switch for Standby Generator
Here is a brief primer into the role that transfer switches play and why it is important to have one.
What Does The Transfer Switch Do?
In simple terms, a transfer switch is a permanent switch that connects to your power box that changes the power load between two sources.
For permanent sources of backup power, this happens automatically when the first source of power becomes unavailable. This is ideal because it seamlessly keeps the energy flowing with minimal delay.
In the case of a generator for residential whole house power use, the generator is plugged into the transfer switch located on the circuit panel. When the generator is turned on, the transfer switch changes the load from grid power to the generator.
What Generators Need A Transfer Switch?
Standby generators for homes and businesses almost always need one. Since they are always waiting for when the power goes down, it is important to have this extra piece of equipment to keep the power flowing without downtime.
However, portable generators don’t strictly need a transfer switch, but it is usually a good idea. The biggest benefit of having a transfer switch in a residential setting is that you gain the ability to power things up via your circuit breaker panel instead of having to use extension cords. This includes hardwired devices, such as your dishwasher, hot water heater, air conditioning, and ceiling fans. All you have to do is plug the portable generator into the transfer switch and you’re good to go!
Is A Transfer Switch Required?
If your generator is above 5,000 watts, you will always need a transfer switch for safety reasons and ease of use. This is important to remember, as the level of power being produced requires the use of a regulator to help keep surges and backfeeding the grid from happening.
But what about legally? This is one of those questions that depends on the area in which you want to keep a backup generator. Some jurisdictions make it a requirement, while others just strongly suggest you have one. And yet others only make it mandatory for standby generators.
If you’re unsure whether your local government requires a transfer switch, talk to the building code enforcement office. From there, they should be able to advise what types of generators need transfer switches and which ones don’t.
Risks Of Not Using A Transfer Switch
There are many risks of not using a transfer switch that go beyond simple convenience. In some cases, going without a transfer switch can jeopardize the safety of your family or even workers employed by the electric company.
The main scenario where this becomes a problem is referred to as backfeeding the grid. This means that when you’re using your generator without a proper transfer switch and the main power source comes on, there are then two currents feeding your home. This surge can cause problems in the line, which may put utility workers at risk. It can also cause fires in your home or business. And that’s why having a transfer switch is so important.
Now, let’s be clear that we are specifically talking about standby generators that are wired to your panel in your home or office. If you’re using a portable generator and just plugging in a few lamps or other items directly into the generator, this is not deemed a problem.
Types Of Transfer Switches
There are two different types of transfer switches—automatic and manual. As the name suggests, an automatic transfer switch seamlessly routes power from the main source to the backup source when needed. It’s always there, ready to switch the power over to the generator when it needs to.
Manual switches require a human to flip a small lever and turn them on, hence the name. Portable generators typically need a manual switch, as they aren’t plugged in at all times. Permanently installed standby generators can vary between needing a manual or automatic, but the automatic is usually the most convenient option. After all, who wants to really go out in the snow, wind, or rain to turn on a switch to restore power?
For most businesses, an automatic transition to backup power during a power outage is desired while for some industries it’s critical.